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Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger. It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand and was named after Jim Corbett who played a key role in its establishment. The park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative.〔Riley & Riley 2005: 208〕 The park has sub-Himalayan belt geographical and ecological characteristics.〔Tiwari & Joshi 1997: 210〕 An ecotourism destination,〔 it contains 488 different species of plants and a diverse variety of fauna.〔〔 The increase in tourist activities, among other problems, continues to present a serious challenge to the park's ecological balance.〔Tiwariji & Joshiji 1997: 309–311〕 Corbett has been a haunt for tourists and wildlife lovers for a long time. Tourism activity is only allowed in selected areas of Corbett Tiger Reserve so that people get an opportunity to see its splendid landscape and the diverse wildlife. In recent years the number of people coming here has increased dramatically. Presently, every season more than 70,000 visitors come to the park. Corbett National Park comprises area of hills, riverine belts, marshy depressions, grasslands and a large lake. The elevation ranges from . Winter nights are cold but the days are bright and sunny. It rains from July to September. Dense moist deciduous forest mainly consists of sal, haldu, peepal, rohini and mango trees. Forest covers almost 73% of the park, 10% of the area consists of grasslands. It houses around 110 tree species, 50 species of mammals, 580 bird species and 25 reptile species. ==History== Some areas of the park were formerly part of the princely state of Tehri Garhwal.〔UNEP 2003〕 The forests were cleared to make the area less vulnerable to Rohilla invaders.〔 The Raja of Tehri formally ceded a part of his princely state to the East India Company in return for their assistance in ousting the Gurkhas from his domain.〔 The Boksas—a tribe from the Terai—settled on the land and began growing crops, but in the early 1860s they were evicted with the advent of British rule.〔 Efforts to save the forests of the region began in the 19th century under Major Ramsay, the British Officer who was in-charge of the area during those times. The first step in the protection of the area began in 1868 when the British forest department established control over the land and prohibited cultivation and the operation of cattle stations.〔 In 1879 these forests were constituted into a reserve forest where restricted felling was permitted. In the early 1900s, several Britishers, including E. R. Stevans and E. A. Smythies, suggested the setting up of a national park on this soil. The British administration considered the possibility of creating a game reserve there in 1907.〔 It was only in the 1930s that the process of demarcation for such an area got underway, assisted by Jim Corbett, who knew the area well. A reserve area known as ''Hailey National Park'' covering was created in 1936, when Sir Malcolm Hailey was the Governor of United Provinces; and Asia's first national park came into existence.〔Corbett National Park (Project Tiger Directorate)〕 Hunting was not allowed in the reserve, only timber cutting for domestic purposes. Soon after the establishment of the reserve, rules prohibiting killing and capturing of mammals, reptiles and birds within its boundaries were passed.〔 The reserve was renamed in 1954–55 as ''Ramganga National Park'' and was again renamed in 1955–56 as ''Corbett National Park.''〔 The new name honors the well-known author and wildlife conservationist, Jim Corbett,〔(Jim Corbett National Park – History )〕 who played a key role in creating the reserve by using his influence to persuade the provincial government to establish it.〔Rangarajan 2006: 72〕 The park fared well during the 1930s under an elected administration.〔Rangarajan 2006: 78〕 But, during the Second World War, it suffered from excessive poaching and timber cutting.〔 Over time, the area in the reserve was increased— were added in 1991 as a buffer zone to the Corbett Tiger Reserve.〔 The 1991 addition included the entire Kalagarh forest division, assimilating the area of Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary as a part of the Kalagarh division.〔 It was chosen in 1974 as the location for launching Project Tiger, an ambitious and well known wildlife conservation project.〔Tiwari & Joshi 1997: 108〕 The reserve is administered from its headquarters in the district of Nainital.〔Tiwari & Joshi 1997: 208〕 Corbett National Park is one of the thirteen protected areas covered by the World Wide Fund For Nature under their Terai Arc Landscape Program.〔Drayton 2004〕 The program aims to protect three of the five terrestrial flagship species, the tiger, the Asian elephant and the great one-horned rhinoceros, by restoring corridors of forest to link 13 protected areas of Nepal and India, to enable wildlife migration.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jim Corbett National Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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